Which cardiovascular risk factor is non-modifiable?

Which cardiovascular risk factor is non-modifiable?

• A. Exercise
• B. Smoking
• C. Family history
• D. Hypertension

Answer: (C)

Some cardiovascular risk factors can't be changed through lifestyle or treatment. Family history reflects inherited genetic risk, which you cannot alter, so it is non-modifiable. In contrast, engaging in regular exercise improves cardiovascular fitness and lowers risk, smoking can be stopped to reduce risk, and hypertension can be treated and often controlled with medications, diet, and lifestyle changes. These are considered modifiable risk factors because they can be influenced or managed. So, the non-modifiable factor is family history.

Some cardiovascular risk factors can't be changed through lifestyle or treatment. Family history reflects inherited genetic risk, which you cannot alter, so it is non-modifiable.

In contrast, engaging in regular exercise improves cardiovascular fitness and lowers risk, smoking can be stopped to reduce risk, and hypertension can be treated and often controlled with medications, diet, and lifestyle changes. These are considered modifiable risk factors because they can be influenced or managed.

So, the non-modifiable factor is family history.